The XCPE botnet primarily infects Android TV set-top boxes and other Android-based IoT devices, monetizing through various malicious modules. Key components include residential proxy services, ad fraud modules, and dynamic backdoors like Spirit and Moyu. The botnet utilizes native daemons, embedded SDKs, and dynamic droppers to load malware. Notable SDKs include AppSalt, Traffmonetizer, and GaGaNode, which facilitate proxy operations and data exfiltration. The botnet's infrastructure is designed for extensive monetization of infected devices.





































